Page 6 - Marvel 11 Grammar Book - Demo

UNIT 11 - GERUNDS – INFINITIVES & PARTICIPLES
INTRODUCTION .................................................................................... 358
GERUNDS ......................................................................................... 359
GERUND AS SUBJECT ........................................................................... 359
GERUND AFTER THE VERB “BE” ................................................................... 360
GERUND AS OBJECT ............................................................................ 361
GERUND AFTER PREPOSITIONS ................................................................... 363
SOME COMMON EXPRESSIONS USED WITH GERUNDS ................................................ 366
TO (AS A PREPOSITION) + GERUND . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 367
GO + GERUND ................................................................................. 368
NEED DOING ................................................................................... 368
PASSIVE and PERFECT FORMS OF GERUND ......................................................... 369
INFINITIVES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 371
TO + INFINITIVE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 371
INFINITIVE AFTER THE VERB “BE” .................................................................. 372
INFINITIVE AFTER “IT” . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 372
INFINITIVE AFTER “SUBJECT + PASSIVE REPORTING VERB” ............................................ 373
INFINITIVE AFTER CERTAIN VERBS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 373
INFINITIVE AFTER CERTAIN ADJECTIVES ............................................................ 376
INFINITIVE AFTER “WH-” QUESTION WORDS and WHETHER ............................................ 377
INFINITIVE AFTER “ENOUGH” and “TOO” ............................................................ 377
INFINITIVE OF PURPOSE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 378
INFINITIVE AFTER “IT + TAKE + (AMOUNT OF TIME)” ................................................... 378
THE BARE INFINITIVE (INFINITIVE WITHOUT “TO”) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 379
PROGRESSIVE / PASSIVE / PERFECT FORMS OF THE INFINITIVE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 380
GERUND or INFINITIVE ........................................................................... 381
PARTICIPLES ...................................................................................... 385
PRESENT PARTICIPLES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 385
PAST PARTICIPLES .............................................................................. 386
PERFECT PARTICIPLES ........................................................................... 387
TESTS 1 - 3 ........................................................................................ 389

UNIT 12 - NOUN CLAUSES & REPORTED SPEECH
NOUN CLAUSES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 398
NOUN CLAUSES WITH “THAT” . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 399
NOUN CLAUSES STARTING WITH “WHETHER / IF” . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 400
NOUN CLAUSES STARTING WITH QUESTION WORDS ................................................. 401
-EVER WORDS IN NOUN CLAUSES ................................................................. 402
REPORTED SPEECH ................................................................................ 407
REPORTING STATEMENTS ........................................................................... 407
TENSE CHANGES ............................................................................... 407
CHANGES IN MODAL VERBS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 408
CHANGES IN PRONOUNS ........................................................................ 409
CHANGES IN TIME and PLACE EXPRESSIONS ........................................................ 409
OTHER CHANGES ............................................................................... 409
IMPERATIVE FORM IN REPORTED SPEECH .......................................................... 413
REPORTING QUESTIONS ......................................................................... 414
REPORTING WH- QUESTIONS ..................................................................... 414
REPORTING YES / NO QUESTIONS ................................................................. 415
OTHER REPORTING VERBS ....................................................................... 417
REPORTED SPEECH IN DIFFERENT FORMS .......................................................... 421
TESTS 1 - 3 ........................................................................................ 423
UNIT 13 - NOUNS – DETERMINERS & QUANTIFIERS

COUNTABLE and UNCOUNTABLE NOUNS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 432
COUNTABLE NOUNS ............................................................................ 432
UNCOUNTABLE NOUNS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 433
NOUNS THAT CAN BE BOTH COUNTABLE and UNCOUNTABLE ......................................... 435
DETERMINERS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 437
ARTICLES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 437
THE INDEFINITE ARTICLE: A / AN . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 437
THE DEFINITE ARTICLE: THE ...................................................................... 438
NO ARTICLE (ZERO ARTICLE) ..................................................................... 441
DEMONSTRATIVES .............................................................................. 443
POSSESSIVES .................................................................................. 444
DIFFERENCE WORDS ............................................................................ 444
QUANTIFIERS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 445
SOME / ANY / NO . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 445
MUCH / MANY / A LOT OF / LOTS OF / PLENTY OF . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 448
A FEW / FEW / A LITTLE / LITTLE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 450
ALL / WHOLE / MOST / NONE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 451
BOTH / EITHER / NEITHER ........................................................................ 455
EACH / EVERY / ENOUGH . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 458
A NUMBER OF / SEVERAL / A COUPLE OF / A MAJORITY OF / THE MAJORITY OF ........................... 459
A LARGE AMOUNT / A GREAT DEAL OF / A LARGE/VAST QUANTITY OF / A LARGE SUM OF ................... 459
TESTS 1-3 ......................................................................................... 462
REVISION TEST .................................................................................... 471

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